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Concept illustration of next-generation AR glasses featuring advanced waveguide and dimming lens technology.

The Evolution of Optical Technologies for AR Glasses at CES 2026… Next-Generation Displays, Emphasis on Stabilizing the Component Supply Chain and Optical Solutions

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At CES 2026, next-generation optics technologies capable of bringing significant change to the AR glasses industry were unveiled. Moving beyond the display competition that previously focused on image quality and brightness, optics technology—which determines wearability akin to actual eyeglasses and outdoor usability—is now emerging as the new battleground. The convergence of ‘Waveguide’ technology and ‘Smart Dimming’ technology to realize true daily AR glasses is drawing attention.

The AR optics market is led by ‘Birdbath’, which boasts high light efficiency (around 20%) and the best compatibility with OLEDoS, and ‘Waveguide’, which achieves the thinnest profile most similar to glasses when applied to LCoS/LEDoS. Until now, while waveguides could achieve a perfect form factor, their low light efficiency (around 1%) caused blurry outdoor displays, limiting their use primarily to text-focused smart glasses.

At CES 2026, LUMUS announced its new product ‘ZOE’, featuring proprietary geometric waveguide technology. ZOE expands the field of view (FOV) beyond the previous 30-degree limit to over 70 degrees. This enables immersion beyond simple text notifications, allowing for video viewing and multitasking. Notably, LUMUS improved upon the inherent issues of conventional diffractive waveguides—specifically ‘color uniformity degradation’ and ‘low efficiency’—through its geometric reflective structure design.

Manufacturing process of LUMUS's next-generation reflective waveguide lenses

Manufacturing process of LUMUS’s proprietary reflective (geometric) waveguide lenses, achieving over 70-degree FOV. (Source: LUMUS)

Of course, the drop in optical efficiency when implementing a 70-degree ultra-wide angle remains a challenge. To address this, the industry is adopting ‘Dimming Lenses’ as a solution. Instead of simply increasing the panel’s brightness, these lenses block external light to enhance the contrast ratio. At CES 2026, dimming lens technologies were showcased, including Optiple’s ultra-fast LC film with a 0.1-second response time and Povec’s electrochromic technology, which now offers a 1-second response time while maintaining natural color transitions. Even if the dimming lens blocks only half of the external light, it can save 20-40% of the energy the display needs to consume.

For the long-term development of smart AR glasses with high viewing angles and immersive visuals, the development of next-generation optical systems must proceed in parallel. These include Freeform Prism Combiner, Birdbath Slim, Pin Mirror, and Holographic methods, which offer high light efficiency, low loss, and lightweight capabilities.

According to UBI Research’s analysis, the solution to the display technology competition surrounding OLEDoS, LEDoS, and LCoS lies in convergence with optical technology, coupled with stabilizing the supporting material and component supply chain and enhancing core technological capabilities. This is because even innovative optical solutions like high-efficiency waveguides cannot fully realize their potential without high-performance materials and a robust component ecosystem. Market supremacy will now be determined not by mere panel specifications, but by who first secures the ultra-competitive technological edge achieved through the perfect trinity of ‘panel-optics-materials’.

Future concept image of next-generation AR glass optical technology presented at CES 2026

Future concept of next-generation AR glasses where panel, optics, and material technologies are perfectly fused. (Created by Gemini)

Changho Noh,  Senior Analyst at UBI Research (chnoh@ubiresearch.com)

▶Industry Trends and Technology of Micro-LED Displays for XR Report

▶XR Industry Trends and OLEDoS Display Technology & Industry Analysis Report

▶2025 Micro-LED Display Industry and Technology Trends Report

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Graphic illustrating the split between XR devices using OLEDoS/LCD and AR glasses using Micro-LED/LCoS.

XR Devices and Smart Glasses Exhibition Trends at CES 2026: Display Technologies and Product Line Diversification

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At CES 2026, various XR devices and related display products were introduced.

Summary table of display specifications and technology types for key XR and AR glasses at CES 2026

CES 2026 display trends showing clear technology segmentation (LCD, OLEDoS, Micro-LED) based on device characteristics (VR/MR, AR Glasses).

For XR headsets, LCD offers advantages in supply chain stability and cost, along with relatively easier productization. Valve’s Steam Frame utilizes dual 2160×2160 LCD panels, emphasizing affordability for gaming and practical use.

Conversely, OLEDoS is emerging as a key differentiator in premium XR (VR/MR) and AR glasses for video viewing. During CES 2026, Pimax highlighted Crystal Super micro-OLED for its sharpness and immersion. Among panel manufacturers, Samsung Display unveiled a 1.4-inch, 5,000 PPI-class RGB OLEDoS not just as a panel exhibit, but in a headset demo form.

Samsung Electronics’ ‘Galaxy XR’ was selected as a CES Innovation Awards 2026 Honoree, incorporating white OLEDoS from Sony and Samsung Display.

The AR glasses segment featured two product types: see-through AR glasses based on waveguides and AR glasses focused on video viewing.

In see-through AR glasses, micro-LED projectors and LCoS are competing based on their distinct advantages. JBD introduced an ultra-compact full-color AR projector with its Hummingbird II Polychrome Projector, a CES Innovation Awards 2026 winner. Cellid presented its 2026 reference design combining a micro-LED projector with its own waveguide, explaining its approach to simultaneously achieve lightweight and optical performance.

The LCoS camp attempts differentiation by quantifying outdoor readability and efficiency. Himax and AUO demonstrated maximum brightness, output, and efficiency while driving front-lit LCoS (720×720) at 200mW, presenting it as an integrated solution combined with AUO’s waveguide. This trend indicates that the AR glasses market is shifting beyond individual component specification competition towards proposing and evaluating systems that bundle projectors, waveguides, and driving conditions.

AR glasses for video viewing prioritize immersive viewing experiences, emphasizing perceptible metrics like resolution, FOV, refresh rate, and connectivity first. Xreal unveiled its entry-level Xreal 1S priced at US$449. This represents a $50 price reduction from the previous model, the $499 Xreal One, enhancing accessibility. Key display specifications have been improved: 1200p resolution (up from 1080p), 700 nits brightness, a 52-degree field of view, and a 120Hz refresh rate. Competitiveness is further strengthened by adding various new features like auto-dimming and 2D-3D conversion.

According to UBI Research, at CES 2026, XR devices will differentiate themselves by using LCDs for entry-level products, while premium VR/MR devices and AR devices for video viewing will adopt OLEDoS. Meanwhile, see-through AR devices will see competition between micro-LED projectors and LCoS at the system level (display, optics, and driver).

Visual segmentation of display technology ecosystems for XR devices (LCD, OLEDoS) and AR glasses (See-Through, Media Viewing)

Next-gen wearable display ecosystem dividing into OLEDoS for Premium VR/MR and Micro-LED/LCoS for See-through AR. (Created by ChatGPT)

Changho Noh,  Senior Analyst at UBI Research (chnoh@ubiresearch.com)

▶XR Industry Trends and OLEDoS Display Technology & Industry Analysis Report

▶2025 Micro-LED Display Industry and Technology Trends Report

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Technical diagram illustrating INT-Tech's 100,000-nit Native RGB OLEDoS technology compared to standard White OLED.

AI Smart Glasses Era Shifts OLEDoS Competitive Landscape: SeeYA Expands Mass Production, INT-Tech Unveils High-Brightness Native RGB Sample

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The OLEDoS (OLED-on-Silicon, micro-OLED) market for XR (AR/VR/MR) devices is undergoing simultaneous realignment of its supply chain and technological competition as the year draws to a close. For XR OLEDoS, Sony’s W-OLEDoS (White OLED + color filter) technology and supply have long served as the ‘de facto benchmark’. However, the landscape is shifting towards a competitive multi-supplier structure as mass production supply from Chinese companies, including SeeYA, has already expanded.

SeeYA (视涯科技), considered one of China’s leading OLEDoS companies, passed the final review for listing on the Shanghai STAR Market on December 24 and is expected to list in Q1 2026. SeeYA plans to use approximately 2 billion yuan in raised funds to expand production capacity and strengthen R&D. OLEDoS production involves high process complexity and stringent quality requirements, making yield stability in 12-inch wafer-based mass production a key competitive factor. SeeYA’s IPO progress is interpreted as contributing to the long-term supply commitments, supply stability, and medium-to-long-term cost structure improvements demanded by XR customers.

SeeYA is currently executing a two-phase investment at its Hefei production base, with each phase reportedly possessing a monthly capacity of around 9K units. The Phase 1 line is already operating at full capacity, while Phase 2 setup is scheduled for completion by the end of January 2026, with full-scale operation commencing in February. Regarding customers, overseas efforts include pursuing cooperation with Apple and responding to Meta. Domestically in China, the supply portfolio is expanding to include Insta360 sports cameras, RayNeo AR glasses, DJI, and Xiaomi.

Meanwhile, Taiwan’s INT-Tech has drawn technical interest with its new OLEDoS (uNEEDXR) unveiled on December 22. INT-Tech presented high-performance metrics, including 100,000 nits ultra-high brightness, in its 0.39-inch XGA (1024×768) class product, directly targeting system brightness, power consumption, and thermal management issues—key constraints identified for AR adoption. Particularly, the performance enhancement of the Native RGB (side-by-side) method is seen as a catalyst shifting the nature of OLEDoS competition from a ‘display spec’ focus to one centered on ‘smart glasses’ user experience (UX) and AI functionality implementation. Smart glasses, as “always-worn” products featuring AI assistants, real-time translation, and situational awareness (e.g., navigation, notification summaries), must ensure sufficient readability in real-world environments while suppressing battery drain and heat generation. The development of high-brightness OLEDoS presents a competitive advantage over Micro LED and LCoS in the race for brightness, efficiency, and resolution demanded by AI-based smart glasses displays. However, since no lifespan data for uNEEDXR under ultra-high brightness conditions has been provided, additional verification of its stability is required for product application.

INT-Tech, a major shareholder of OLEDOS manufacturing company KT&T based in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, is pursuing market expansion by combining ‘INT-Tech’s technology and product roadmap’ with ‘KT&T’s China-based manufacturing and customer support system’.

Demonstration screen of high-definition OLEDoS display using INT-Tech's uNEEDXR technology

INT-Tech’s OLEDoS demo delivering vivid colors and high brightness using Native RGB technology. (Source: INT-Tech uNEEDXR™ Technology)

Diagram comparing traditional White OLED structure vs. INT-Tech's uNEEDXR (Native RGB) technology structure

INT-Tech’s Native RGB structure achieving 100,000 nits brightness with a single junction and no MLA. (Source: INT-Tech uNEEDXR™ Technology)

According to UBI Research’s analysis, China’s expansion of OLEDoS production scale and new technology development are expected to be key variables for the XR OLEDoS market in 2026. First, as Chinese companies, including SeeYA, increase supply and capital investment, XR device makers are gaining broader options to select suppliers based on performance, price, and customization conditions. Second, the focus of technological competition is shifting beyond simple resolution comparisons. It is now centered on the ability to secure the capabilities required by AI-based smart glasses: ‘outdoor readability, low power consumption and low heat generation for extended wear, and system efficiency integrated with the optical system’.

As Chinese OLEDoS manufacturing companies accelerate mass production and enhance product performance, this is expected to directly impact XR brand companies’ supply chain strategies and product launch timings.

Changho Noh,  Senior Analyst at UBI Research (chnoh@ubiresearch.com)

▶XR Industry Trends and OLEDoS Display Technology & Industry Analysis Report

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A bar chart illustrating the forecast growth of XR devices equipped with OLEDoS displays between 2025 and 2031, highlighting AR dominance.

XR Headset Shipments Set to Top 10 Million in 2025… AR Expansion Drives OLEDoS Growth

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Forecast chart of XR device shipments with OLEDoS from 2025 to 2031 (Source: UBI Research)

UBI Research forecast trend for XR device (MR/VR and AR) shipments equipped with OLEDoS from 2025 to 2031 (Source: UBI Research)

The rapid expansion of the AI and XR device market has intensified competition in next-generation microdisplay technologies. According to a new report published by UBI Research titled ” XR Industry Trends and OLEDoS Display Technology & Industry Analysis” XR headset shipments are expected to exceed 10 million units by 2025. Notably, AR smart glasses alone saw over a 50% year-on-year increase in the first half of this year, clearly shifting the market’s center of gravity.

The AR market is diversifying, expanding its application range from AI glasses focused on information display to business-use AR glasses and content-viewing devices. In the consumer AI glasses market, primarily focused on information display, monochrome displays with resolutions around 640 x 480 (VGA) and microdisplays under 0.3 inches are commonly used, with LCoS and micro LED competing for position. Workplace AR glasses require resolutions of 1280×720 (HD) or higher, while content-viewing AR demands resolutions of 1920×1080 (FHD) or higher.  As industry’s expansion focus shifts from VR to AR, the demand for simultaneously meeting ultra-high resolution, high brightness, and lightweight requirements has grown significantly. Consequently, OLEDoS is evaluated as the fastest-growing display technology within the XR ecosystem.

Global manufacturers are also accelerating OLEDoS development and supply chain expansion. Samsung Display joined the OLEDoS market, previously led by Sony, BOE, and Seeya, by supplying OLEDoS panels for Samsung Electronics’ Galaxy XR, released in October 2025, following Sony. In China, companies like BOE, Seeya, and SIDTEK have commenced mass production of 12-inch OLEDoS panels, marking the most notable shift in the supply chain. Chinese firms are strengthening their in-house capabilities in core processes such as high-resolution patterning, Si-backplane design, and tandem OLED structures, suggesting their global supply share will rapidly expand in the future.

UBI Research analyst Changho Noh predicted, “The OLEDoS market is projected to grow from approximately $285 million in 2025 to $840 million by 2031, driven by supply chain expansion and diverse demand bases.”

He further analyzed, “Shipments of OLEDoS-equipped XR devices are expected to increase from 1.2 million units in 2025 to 8.86 million units by 2031, with AR devices anticipated to account for approximately 90% of total OLEDoS shipments by 2031.”

Changho Noh,  Senior Analyst at UBI Research (chnoh@ubiresearch.com)

▶XR Industry Trends and OLEDoS Display Technology & Industry Analysis Report

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Shoei GT-Air 3 Smart featuring an OLEDoS HUD that projects navigation and speed in the rider’s field of view

Smart Helmet Evolved with OLEDoS Technology: Shoei GT-Air 3 Smart Unveiled

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Japanese premium helmet manufacturer Shoei has set a new standard in the smart helmet market by announcing the GT-Air 3 Smart, the world’s first fully integrated augmented reality head-up display (HUD) helmet, developed in collaboration with French augmented reality specialist Airight. The core feature of this new product is its HUD, which utilizes Sony’s OLEDoS microdisplay.

Shoei GT-Air 3 Smart helmet with HUD info projected inside the visor

GT-Air 3 Smart projecting riding data in the rider’s view (Source: SHOEI)

Conventional LCD or projection systems face limitations in size, weight, power consumption, and brightness. Within the confined space of a helmet, delivering clear information without obstructing the rider’s vision required a solution that was ultra-compact, high-resolution, and energy efficient. OLEDoS, built on a silicon substrate with OLED pixels, achieves full-color FHD resolution and 3,000nits’ brightness even in a miniature form factor. This ensures perfect visibility under direct sunlight and allows riders to intuitively access speed, navigation, and alerts without taking their eyes off the road.

HUD information is projected approximately 3 meters ahead, reducing eye focus adjustment and shortening reaction time by 32%. Battery efficiency is improved, enabling over 10 hours of mixed use, while low heat generation enhances the reliability of internal electronics. Above all, OLEDoS miniaturization enables full integration of HUD, audio, and communication modules without significantly increasing helmet weight.

Shoei has combined its AIM (Advanced Integrated Matrix) shell structure, ventilation system, and face shield with EyeLights’ communication technology, including unlimited distance and user intercom, active noise-canceling microphone, and Siri/Google Assistant support.

According to UBI Research’s analysis, this announcement is closely linked to the relevant patents held by Shoei (including US Patent 12,342,893 and EP3888482). These patents protect rights to the optical structure integrating a HUD into the helmet and the screen device. The structure describes forming virtual images within the rider’s field of view using light sources and reflective optical systems. It is designed to allow for various implementations, including OLED and MicroLED, without restricting the display elements to specific technologies. In practice, OLEDoS was chosen as the optimal solution to meet the structural requirements defined in the patents, delivering ultra-compact, high-brightness, and low-power performance.

The GT-Air 3 Smart was unveiled at EICMA 2025 and will be released in summer 2026 at a price of approximately $1,199 in the US. Shoei aims to achieve sales of 3 billion yen and operating profits of several hundred million yen within three years.

The GT-Air 3 Smart is the first commercial helmet to fully integrate HUD, communication, audio, and AI functions. With OLEDoS technology, it revolutionizes rider visibility and reaction speed, marking a milestone in innovation and leading the future of the smart helmet industry.

EyeLights HUD module with Sony OLED microdisplay

EyeLights HUD implementation using a Sony OLED microdisplay (Source: EyeLights)

Changho Noh,  Senior Analyst at UBI Research (chnoh@ubiresearch.com)

▶UBI Research’s Micro Display Report

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Graphical summary of BOE’s conversion of its B1 line to Micro OLED (OLEDoS) production and its strategic move into micro-display market (Source: UBI Research)

BOE Establishes Micro OLED Production System on B1 Line… Strengthens ‘Micro Display’ Competitiveness with In-House Silicon Backplane Development

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BOE IPC displayed 0.49-inch 4496 ppi Micro OLED (OLEDoS) AR glasses (Source: BOE)

BOE 0.49″ Micro OLED (OLEDoS) AR glasses (Source: BOE)

BOE will convert its Beijing B1 (LCD) line to complete an early-stage 12-inch silicon-based Micro OLED (OLEDoS) production cleanroom and establish a mass production system based on 5K resolution. Sunic system ‘s 12-inch deposition equipment is scheduled for delivery in November. Investment funds will be supported by the Beijing B20 line, maximizing utilization of the existing B1 line infrastructure. Additionally, the company has replaced its previously outsourced silicon (Si) backplane design with an in-house development approach, achieving shorter design cycles and rapid feedback loops. Future investment plans extend beyond Micro OLED modules to include optical modules such as optical waveguides.

The primary investment objective is to respond to Meta-oriented products, which are currently competing with Seeya. Phase 1 line capacity is 5K units per month based on 12-inch wafers. Depending on market conditions, plans include expanding Phase 2 with an additional 5K capacity line.

The B20 line is currently constructing Phase 1 for R&D and manufacturing of high-resolution, high-speed LCD displays. Layout plans and mass production schedules for a Micro LED pilot line are also being finalized.

BOE is reorganizing its portfolio centered on OLEDoS and LEDoS. It is strengthening its market responsiveness with a diversified lineup: high-resolution OLEDoS products for the premium AR/VR market and high-speed LCDs for the mid-to-entry-level XR market. Concurrently, it is actively developing LEDoS as a next-generation product.

BOE is developing and mass-producing micro-displays at multiple bases including Qingdao (BIOT), Ordos (B6), Chongqing (B12), and Kunming (BMOT). The Chongqing base operates R&D and production lines for VR AMOLED, while Kunming operates OLEDoS production lines. Notably, it is strategically repurposing existing LCD infrastructure to concurrently produce high-resolution LCDs exceeding 2,000 ppi. Ordos (B6) manufactures high-speed LCD panels, while Qingdao (BIOT) assembles and produces high-speed LCD modules. BOE is intensifying its competition for XR panel orders through rapid facility expansion compared to rivals like Sony and Seeya.

The global micro-OLED display market is expected to see intense competition for orders of next-generation products destined for XR devices within the next few years. Following Sony and Seeya, companies like BOE and SIDTEK are making large-scale investments to establish annual production capacities ranging from several million to tens of millions of units. This will enable global brands like Meta, Apple, and Samsung to utilize multiple supply chains. BOE’s in-house silicon-based design and mass production system are expected to enhance the group’s overall standing in terms of product specifications and cost competitiveness.

BOE’s recent strategic shift aims to strengthen technological independence within China’s industry while securing a core supplier position in the global XR display ecosystem. Initiatives like developing its own silicon backplane and establishing a 12-inch OLEDoS line are expected to improve performance, reduce mass production costs, and shorten product launch lead times.

Detailed information on China’s Micro OLED industry status can be found in UBI Research’s report.

Changho Noh,  Senior Analyst at UBI Research  (chnoh@ubiresearch.com)

▶ China Trends Report Inquiry

BOE OLEDoS AR/VR Microdisplay at IPC 2025

BOE Establishes Microdisplay Development Infrastructure in Beijing… Unveils a Range of AR/VR Products and Roadmap at the 2025 BOE IPC

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AR glasses with 0.49-inch 4496ppi OLEDoS displayed at BOE IPC 2025 (Source: BOE)

0.49-inch 4496ppi OLEDoS AR glasses unveiled at BOE IPC 2025 (Source: BOE)

BOE will convert the clean room of its fifth-generation B1 LCD line in Beijing, China, to create an OLEDoS (silicon-based OLED) production infrastructure. The investment will be funded by the Beijing B20 base and will utilize existing equipment and infrastructure to shorten process validation and yield ramp-up time. This is not a simple expansion, but rather a strategy to internalize silicon microdisplay in Beijing and secure an early mass production system.

BOE unveiled its microdisplay roadmap and new products at the 2025 International Partner Conference (IPC) and related events. BOE demonstrated its technology and commercialization commitment to next-generation applications such as high-resolution AR/VR devices, and BOE will focus its R&D and investment on high-resolution LCDs of 2,000 ppi and above, as well as LEDoS and OLEDoS. In addition, the company plans to establish a new microdisplay production base in Beijing and to secure technology independence by shifting from relying on external design houses to developing its own silicon (Si) backplane technology.

BOE has also reorganized its portfolio by market segment. The premium market will be served by LEDoS and OLEDoS, while the mid-range market will be served by developing and producing AMOLED panels for VR at its Chongqing base. For the entry-level market, a 2,000 ppi LTPS-LCD microdisplay line will be launched at Beijing B20 to enhance cost competitiveness and volume responsiveness. Separately, the transition to MLED backplanes is underway at the Ordos B6 line. The plan is to leverage Gen 5.5 assets to improve the uniformity and reliability of key processes such as sputtering-based metal-electrode thin-film formation, and to advance process maturity by optimizing low-resistance wiring and contact characteristics required for large-area operation.

BOE’s move is likely to change the competitive landscape with Sony, Samsung Display, and others in the AR/VR market. In-house development of the silicon backplane is expected to speed up product launches by shortening the feedback loop for design changes, performance improvements, and power optimization.

The infrastructure shift to Beijing is also expected to enhance supply chain stability and customization responsiveness. By consolidating design, optics, software, and solutions capabilities in Beijing, the plan is to reduce lead times for customization and product generation transitions.

Changho Noh,  Senior Analyst at UBI Research  (chnoh@ubiresearch.com)

▶UBI Research’s Micro Display Report

SIDTEK to build Micro-OLED production site in Nanchong with mass production set for 2027

SIDTEK to Establish Micro-OLED Production Base in Nanchong, Mass Production Set for 2027

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SIDTEK’s Micro-OLED investment roadmap presented at K-Display Business Forum 2025 (Source: UBI Research)

SIDTEK presenting its Micro-OLED investment roadmap at K-Display Business Forum 2025 (Source: UBI Research)

Chinese Micro-OLED specialist SIDTEK is moving forward with a new production base investment in Nanchong, Sichuan Province. The company aims to complete the main production building by the end of 2025, initiate pilot production by late 2026, and enter full-scale mass production in 2027.

The project is being supported by a 150 million RMB investment from the Sichuan provincial government. SIDTEK already operates 8-inch and 12-inch Micro-OLED production lines in Wuhu, Anhui Province. With the addition of the Nanchong facility, the company is diversifying its manufacturing footprint and establishing a stronger foundation to meet the growing global demand.

SIDTEK has made high-resolution OLEDoS (OLED on Silicon) displays for AR, VR, and next-generation XR devices its core business. Earlier this year, the company presented its OLEDoS mass production roadmap and vertical integration manufacturing strategy at the K-Display Business Forum, underscoring its technological competitiveness.

The Nanchong plant will become SIDTEK’s third major production base, and once fully operational, it is expected to strengthen China’s position in the global Micro-OLED supply chain.

Junho Kim, Analyst at UBI Research (alertriot@ubiresearch.com)

▶ China Market Trend Report Inquiry

SIDTEK presenting the current status and challenges of China OLEDoS industry at K-Display 2025

SIDTEK Unveils Vertical Integration Strategy for OLEDoS Mass Production and Manufacturing Process at K-Display 2025

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SIDTEK presenting the current status and challenges of China OLEDoS industry at K-Display 2025

SIDTEK presenting China OLEDoS industry status and challenges at K-Display 2025 (Source: SIDTEK)

At the business forum of K-Display 2025, held from August 6-9, China’s SIDTEK discloses OLEDoS mass production status and future expansion strategy. In addition to announcing the start of mass production at its Wuhu facility, SIDTEK also announced that it has completed the groundbreaking of an additional factory and is preparing for a third facility. Amidst active competition from local governments to build OLEDoS mass production plants, SIDTEK has made it clear that its business progress in China should be based on “breaking ground and bringing in equipment” rather than announcing “contracts,” and plans to rapidly expand its production base with multi-base operations.

The pace of expansion in the Chinese ecosystem is also accelerating. SIDTEK explains that it has formed a “three-company simultaneous mass production” structure with BOE and SEEYA. Goertek, a set company, is also reportedly looking into the possibility of investing in the deposition process to directly control the display, which is the key to VR costs. The combination of these moves could lead to a production capacity scenario of tens of thousands of sheets per month for 12-inch in the medium term. The strategy is to use the power of scale to lower costs and speed up development capacity.

The speaker posed the question, “If OLEDoS is such good technology, why aren’t there any buyers around?” He emphasized the realism that large-scale facility investment should be judged by production volume, which is “can it be sold like a cell phone,” and that from a manufacturing perspective, demand validation and profitability should come first.

In-house design of backplane semiconductors was presented as a key solution to low yields that affect production prices. The diagnosis is that the low yield of Micro-OLEDs is not only due to technical difficulties, but also to unclear responsibility for defects that occur in the structure where the backplane (semiconductor) and panel are separated, and delays in improvement. “We need to bring the semiconductor inside and close the defect analysis and improvement loop,” SIDTEK emphasized. In China, vertical integration is spreading across the industry, with SEEYA investing in the wafer stage to optimize integration, and BOE preparing to enter the market with existing line capacity.

The product and market strategy is focused on “lightweight AR” in the near term. The speaker is skeptical of the “full screen all the time with glasses” scenario and predicts that AR will first be popularized for simple information such as navigation and notifications. As a result, optimizing backplane chips (BPICs) and optics, focusing on power consumption, visibility, and uniformity, rather than racing to ultra-high resolutions, is a challenge. Balancing realistic price points and ease of use will be key to early adoption, he said.

Judgments were also shared on the display technology axis. In VR, fast LCD, glass-based OLED, and OLEDoS are competing, with glass-based OLED, with its size scalability and optical simplification advantages, likely to emerge in the low-end and entry-level segments, while OLEDoS will share the role at the high-end. In the AR, the view was that LCoS, OLEDoS, and LEDoS will coexist, but that the volatility of the OLEDoS position should be noted, leaving open the possibility of a shift to LEDoS if ultra-high resolution is not a requirement.

During the on-site discussion, it was suggested that “VR devices have the potential to become widespread if lightweight and convenient designs can be achieved,” and that AI-based image processing combined with interaction will serve as a catalyst for this development.

SIDTEK’s announcement reaffirms its realist strategy centered on “real mass production factories” and “securing profitability”. The company plans to build credibility with multi-location mass production, speed up learning to improve production yield and defects with in-house design of backplane semiconductors, and open up the market with design and process optimization tailored to the lightweight AR segment, where near-term demand is gathering. Despite demand uncertainty in China, SIDTEK is responding with a conservative, execution-focused expansion strategy, as government-led investments and vertical integration among companies continue to drive the “game of scale” in the country.

Changho Noh, Analyst at UBI Research  (chnoh@ubiresearch.com)

▶UBI Research’s Micro Display Reports

[K-Display 2025] Samsung Display, White OLEDoS

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[K-Display 2025] Samsung Display, RGB OLEDoS (5,000ppi, 20,000nit)

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Next-generation XR ecosystem driven by AI integration and device convergence

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As AI technology advances, the XR market is heating up again, evolving from a simple wearable device to a personalized digital assistant. Global big tech companies such as Google, Meta, Apple, and others are taking the lead in the market with their respective ecosystems, and Samsung Electronics is also joining the trend with aggressive investments and product strategies.

Recent XR devices have gone beyond basic functions such as music listening, camera shooting, and voice control to include advanced AI functions such as real-time translation, object recognition, and personalized information at their core. This is greatly increasing their utility in everyday life and evolving the way they interact with users.

For example, Meta has sold over 1 million units of AI smart glasses in collaboration with Ray-Ban and is leading the democratization of AI glasses with real-time content generation and Q&A capabilities. Google is building a smart glasses ecosystem that combines its Gemini AI with the Android XR SDK, and a joint development project with Samsung is well underway.

Apple is expected to launch a Vision Pro M5 version in Q3 2025, followed by the lighter Vision Air in 2027 and a display-less Ray-Ban-style smart glasses in 2028. In the second half of 2028, the second generation of Vision Pro with an all-new design and XR glasses with a color display are planned for mass production. Vision Air and Vision Pro Gen 2 are expected to be lighter and more affordable with a new design. Apple’s Vision Pro launched in 2024, was priced at $3,499, which was considered too high for consumer expectations and a product that was technologically advanced but disconnected from the market and consumer reality. The Apple Vision Pro’s 1.42-inch, 3391 PPI high-resolution display was a major contributor to its high cost. Apple’s development plan shows Apple’s long-term vision to enter the mass smart glasses market and build an ecosystem while maintaining the premium XR headset market.

Samsung Electronics will officially launch its next premium XR device, Moohan, in the second half of this year. The product will provide new XR experience through the convergence of AI and display technology and will signal Samsung’s entry into the XR ecosystem. The device will feature a 1.3-inch, 2000 PPI OLED-on-Silicon (OLEDoS) display developed by Samsung Display, which is expected to offer light weight, excellent battery efficiency, and a price below $2,000. Samsung initially looked at Sony’s 1.3-inch, 3800 PPI OLEDoS. It remains to be seen whether Samsung will split the product into premium and entry-level variants for price competitiveness or release it as a single product.

Starting with Project Moohan, Samsung plans to launch an integrated strategy that encompasses XR hardware, software, content, and platforms. To this end, Samsung is strengthening its collaboration with big global tech companies such as Google and Qualcomm and is simultaneously promoting ‘Project Hyean’ to maximize connectivity with the entire Galaxy ecosystem, including smartphones, watches, and rings.

Changho Noh, Analyst at UBI Research  (chnoh@ubiresearch.com)

▶UBI Research’s Micro Display Report

Samsung Display Develops High-Resolution OLEDoS Microdisplay for Next-Generation XR

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Samsung Display researchers revealed it in a recent paper published in J. Soc. Info. Display, the official journal of the Society for Information Display (SID), that they have developed a next-generation OLED-on-Silicon (OLEDoS) microdisplay with 4032 PPI (pixels per inch). This technology is optimized for the next generation of XR devices, including virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR), and augmented reality (AR), with panels that dramatically reduce system power consumption and crosstalk while maintaining high resolution and image quality.

This 1.3-inch panel has an ultra-high resolution of 4032PPI, delivering images so precise that pixels are indistinguishable to the naked eye. This minimizes the screen door effect in VR and AR glasses, enabling an immersive content experience. The display of the Apple Vision Pro, released in 2024, features a high-resolution display with a size of 1.42 inches and 3,391 PPI.

In this paper, a pixel compensation circuit structure with 7T1C (7 transistors and 1 capacitor) structure was introduced for high-resolution implementation, which complemented the shortcomings of the previous generation, 6T2C structure, and realized a design that was strong against voltage deviation.

Existing 6T2C pixel structures have caused problems with threshold voltage (Vth) deviations and image distortion between small transistors when implemented in high resolution. Accordingly, Samsung Display’s newly devised 7T1C structure provides the following major advantages.

  • Improved Vth compensation accuracy: Suppresses luminance imbalance caused by threshold voltage deviation to ±2.75% (previously ±10.6%)
  • Reduced horizontal crosstalk: 1.3% (previously 2.0%)
  • Area efficiency optimized with a single capacitor
  • Improved SRU (short range uniformity): 97.3% (previously 90.4%)

In addition, improvements have been made in the way data is driven. The existing 6T2C circuit consumes a lot of power because it has to charge and discharge a data line every frame, but the 7T1C greatly reduced power consumption by a single charging method. For example, in the same full gray pattern, the power consumption of the source IC decreased from 120 mW to 0.1 mW.

In addition, while lowering the operating voltage through the 8V CMOS-based design, it secured more than 50% of the power efficiency compared to the previous one.

Samsung Display officially announced its dual-track strategy to develop RGB OLEDoS and white-based OLEDoS simultaneously last year, and this 4032PPI panel is considered the result of that technological achievement. Although the mass production date for this newly developed product has not been announced, this technology is expected to serve as an important step in accelerating the development of the next-generation XR device market.

 

About the paper: J Soc Inf Display, 1–9(2025). 

                               SID 2025 Digest 1424 (P-8)

4032-PPI 1.3-inch OLEDoS Reference Image

4032-PPI 1.3-inch OLEDoS Reference Image

4032-PPI 1.3-inch OLEDoS Reference Image and Specifications

4032-PPI 1.3-inch OLEDoS Reference Image and Specifications

Changho Noh, Analyst at UBI Research  (chnoh@ubiresearch.com)

▶UBI Research’s Micro Display Report

Why XR Devices Are Key to the 6G Era

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Google Headset and Smart Glasses Examples

Google Headset and Smart Glasses Examples

The introduction of 4G was a decisive factor in the popularization of smartphones. 3G technically enabled ‘data communication’, but it was difficult for consumers to experience it. On the other hand, 4G brought about visible changes such as high-resolution video streaming, real-time games, and SNS activation, and the development of smartphone displays was at the center of this experience. As screens became larger, clearer, and faster, the advancement of network speeds became an everyday experience.

The communications industry is now preparing for the commercialization of 6G, targeting around 2030. 6G supports speeds up to 100 times faster than 4G (up to 1 Tbps), delay times of less than 1 ms, and broadband hyperconnectivity. However, this level of speed is difficult to experience simply by downloading content or watching videos. The only interface that allows you to ‘experience’ the speed and low-latency characteristics of 6G is XR (eXtended Reality), or extended reality devices.

XR includes AR, VR, and MR, and is considered a core service of 6G. However, XR devices that will implement this still face various technical challenges, such as high-resolution displays, weight reduction, heat control, and optical system configuration. In particular, the display is the center of the XR experience quality. Based on a single eye, a resolution of 2000×2000 or higher, a pixel density of 100PPD or higher, and high brightness of 5,000 to 10,000 nits or higher are required, which far exceeds the level of general smartphones.

Currently, major XR companies and display companies are moving as follows.

  • Google is unveiling the Android XR platform through I/O in 2024 and is developing XR headsets and smart glasses. In particular, it is known that OLEDoS-based displays supplied by XREAL are used in smart glasses. Google’s XR strategy is focused on building a platform-hardware-content integration ecosystem targeting Apple Vision Pro.
  • Apple has taken the lead in the premium XR market with Vision Pro using OLEDoS, and is maintaining the same direction in subsequent models.
  • Samsung is developing ultra-high-resolution displays for XR centered on OLEDoS and LEDoS technologies, and they are scheduled to be installed in Samsung Electronics’ XR headsets and smart glasses.
  • LG Display is accelerating its OLEDoS core technology based on its OLED technology competitiveness.
  • BOE is mass-producing OLEDoS with support from the Chinese government, and is supplying it to local XR startups and global partners.
  • JBD is applying ultra-high-brightness displays based on LEDoS to small AR devices, and is attracting attention for implementing brightness of over 100,000 nits.

In this way, displays for XR devices are divided into two axes: OLEDoS and LEDoS. OLEDoS has strengths in resolution and color expression, while LEDoS has strengths in brightness and lifespan, and they are selected according to the purpose of each device.

Ultimately, 6G means not only the evolution of network speeds, but also the redefinition of the human-machine interface. If displays were at the center when moving from 3G to 4G, then XR devices and display technology will take that place in 6G. In order for consumers to ‘feel’ 6G, technology must now be implemented through a new window called XR.

Changwook HAN, Executive Vice President/Analyst at UBI Research (cwhan@ubiresearch.com)

▶UBI Research’s Micro Display Report

BOE unveils its microdisplay development policy

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At FPD China 2025’s “CDC Metaverse – Display on Silicon” on March 26, 2025, a group of experts presented on topics such as building AI and AR glass ecosystems, silicon-based display technology roadmaps, key process, equipment and material innovations, and industry and market trend forecasts.

 BOE presented “The Progress and Roadmap of BOE Si-Based Micro Display Technology,” revealing its plans to build a micro display base in Beijing and add silicon-based OLED and silicon-based LED technologies to form an ecosystem covering high-, medium-, and low-level micro displays of all required specifications.

In the high-speed LCD segment, the company is building a research and development line and manufacturing line for high-resolution (2000 ppi) LCDs for microdisplays at B20, the sixth-generation LTPS-LCD line in Beijing. Qingdao and Ordos, the regional bases for LCD, are manufacturing modules and panels for high-speed LCDs.

Beijing is also preparing R&D and production lines for OLEDoS and LEDoS for high-end applications. The company plans to design its own Si backplane after relying on design houses. In Chongqing, it is responsible for the development and production of AMOLED panels for VR, and BMOT, an OLEDoS line in Kunming, is producing 12-inch and 8-inch OLEDoS. 

Chang Ho NOH, UBI Research Analyst(chnoh@ubiresearch.com)

UBI Research’s micro display report

LG Display, Already completed development of OLEDoS-applied prototype for VR

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LG Display presenting OLEDoS at OLED School

LG Display presenting OLEDoS at OLED School

At the 19th OLED School held at Sookmyung Women’s University from February 9th to 10th, Senior Research Fellow Yoo Chung-geun of LG Display announced, “We are developing a set for VR using OLEDoS, and some of the prototypes have already been developed.”

On this day, Research Fellow Choong-Keun Yoo gave a presentation on ‘The Future of OLED Display, Metaverse and Display’. Researcher Yu explained the specifications and technologies required for micro displays such as metaverse and VR/AR, and said, “In general VR devices, luminance of 10,000 nits or more and AR devices require luminance of 100,000 nits or more, but it is difficult to apply this to OLEDoS. Currently, the display for AR developed by LG Display has achieved a brightness of over 7,000 nits and a resolution of 3,500 ppi.”

LG Display OLEDoS Manufacturing Process

LG Display OLEDoS Manufacturing Process

3500ppi or higher OLEDoS being developed by LG Display requires ultra-high-definition patterns, so Si-wafer backplane and WOLED + CoE technology must be applied, so cooperation with semiconductor foundries is essential. Research Fellow Yu explained, “For high-resolution OLEDoS, semiconductor foundries have no choice but to make display backplanes through wafers.”

Finally, researcher Yoo said, “We are developing a set for VR using OLEDoS, and it is planned to be released soon. We are developing products for major IT companies such as Apple, Google, and Meta, and some prototypes have already been developed.” He continued, “It takes more time to supply products that meet consumer needs, such as brightness of 10,000 nits or more, but it is possible to produce better VR devices even with 3500ppi class OLEDoS, which has now been developed.” When asked if the next actual product supply time was right before September, he replied, “There is nothing planned yet.”

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Can VR replace TVs and Monitors?

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VR devices have been on the rise since 2016 and were expected to be an important factor in IT business, but have not yet made a big impact. At CES 2016, Intel exhibited applications that enable creative activities such as education and art. In 2017, Samsung presented games and movies that can be felt with the body in 4D form at the IFA VR experiment zone.

VR features excellent immersion and presence. A 1-inch display can look like a 60-inch display. The display that provides information uses micro-display, but LCoS (liquid crystal on silicon) has a slow response speed, poor color, and low contrast ratio. So the trend is changing to OLEDoS (OLED on silicon). Sony is making its own micro OLED and Panasonic is working with US Kopin to make VR.
Recently, VR devices are preparing to replace monitors. If it is made in high resolution, about 10 screens can be displayed on each VR monitor screen. In the future, the monitor market will change to the VR market. VR can emerge as the best dark horse in the IT market. VR may possibly also replace TVs. A head speaker with a much better three-dimensional effect is essential. There may also be changes in the movie theaters as a VR device might provide a 60-inch screen and provide a high sense of immersion into the film for movie-goers.
Micro OLED composition consists of TFT designed on a silicon wafer and OLED is formed on it. LGD’s WOLED method is used for OLED. The RGB method requires a fine metal mask, but the AP system is preparing a mask capable of 2000ppi or more using a laser. Because WOLED uses a color filter, there is a loss of about 10%. RGB may be more advantageous in terms of luminance, but for commercialization, WOLED resolution can be much higher. Since it has been developed for a long time, WOLED is expected to be applied. Applications include military, medical, industrial, viewfinder, smart glasses, and the like.

Recently, Apple requested LG Display and Samsung Display to prepare Micro OLED. LG Display placed an order for the Sunic System evaporator in June and is moving quickly.
Samsung Electronics also has a request for VR. In 2025, it can be seen that LG Display and Samsung Display can produce many types of Micro OLED. We expect to see Apple’s VR devices around 2024.

Related Report : 2022 Micro-display REPORT