TCL CSOT is further solidifying its presence in the next-generation near-field display market and driving changes in the AR and VR ecosystem. Unveiled at the 2025 Global Display Ecology Conference, the two latest micro-displays – a silicon-based Micro LED that delivers ultra-high resolution and a glass-based Real RGB OLED that achieves high PPI – target key requirements for the development of AR and VR devices, respectively. This announcement is particularly noteworthy because TCL CSOT has achieved breakthroughs in both silicon-based and glass-based technologies, creating a significant shift in the technological landscape of the micro-display market.

The most noteworthy product is a 0.28-inch full-color silicon-based Micro LED micro-display. This product delivers full color with high color accuracy on a single chip, and with an ultra-high pixel density of 1280 x 720 and 5,131 PPI, it achieves a “retina-level clarity.” The high-density structure, which makes pixel particles completely imperceptible on small screens, offers significant advantages, particularly in devices with extremely close eye-to-screen distances, such as AR glasses. Furthermore, the silicon-based self-luminous structure facilitates high brightness and a high contrast ratio, enabling a clear image even in small displays prone to brightness loss. Combining Micro LED’s high-efficiency light-emitting characteristics with ultra-high brightness, its ability to maintain clarity even outdoors or in high-light environments is considered a clear competitive advantage over existing OLED-based micro displays.

TCL CSOT 0.28-inch 5,131 PPI Micro-LED display (Source: TCL CSOT)

TCL CSOT’s proprietary quantum dot-based color conversion material is also significant. Combining a single blue Micro LED with a quantum dot color conversion layer, rather than individual RGB chips, for full-color implementation offers significant technological value in terms of simplified manufacturing processes, stable yields, and improved color reproducibility. In particular, managing luminous efficiency and color uniformity is crucial for AR displays, which are undergoing extreme miniaturization. TCL CSOT’s material technology is believed to have significantly addressed these limitations. This high-efficiency material-based approach demonstrates the potential for improved cost structure in future mass production and is a key step toward resolving the color process challenges that have hindered the commercialization of Micro LED AR devices.

On another front, the 2.56-inch glass-based Real RGB OLED is noteworthy. VR and MR displays have relied on silicon-based OLEDs to achieve high PPI, but their high manufacturing costs have limited their adoption in mainstream products. TCL CSOT’s achievement of over 1,500 PPI on a glass substrate goes beyond simple high-resolution performance and signals a potential shift in the VR and MR market structure itself. Adopting a Real RGB pixel structure ensures color accuracy and color coordinate stability, while specifications like a refresh rate of over 120Hz and a contrast ratio of 1,000,000:1 fully meet the demands of high-end VR and MR devices.

TCL CSOT 2.56-inch glass-based Real RGB OLED display (Source: TCL CSOT)

Global big tech companies, in particular, are embracing this same technological trend. Apple, following the launch of its “Vision Pro” in 2024, which uses silicon-based OLEDoS, is reportedly preparing a glass-based MR display for its next entry-level model to reduce costs. This demonstrates a growing shift in the high-resolution VR and MR market, moving away from a silicon-based, single-resolution strategy and toward diversifying substrate structures based on application and price range. The attention given to TCL CSOT’s glass-based, high-PPI OLED is aligned with this industry shift. Glass substrates, with their high cost competitiveness, play a crucial role in popularizing VR and MR. Their ability to lower price barriers while maintaining high resolution is likely to impact the entire global supply chain.

TCL CSOT’s technological advancements in both silicon-based Micro LED and glass-based OLED demonstrate the growing emphasis on high-density, low-power, and high-brightness requirements for future AR and VR devices. Micro LEDs, with their high brightness, peak performance, low power consumption, and long lifespan, are particularly suited for ultra-compact and lightweight devices centered around AR glasses. OLEDs, with their wide color gamut and high-quality image quality, enhance the immersive experience of VR and MR headsets. As the complementary nature of these two technologies becomes more evident, the micro-display market, which had stagnated in recent years, is rapidly expanding again.

UBI Research Executive Vice President Changwook Han commented on this technology announcement, saying, “Micro LED and high-resolution OLED are key technologies that determine the completeness and user experience of AR and MR devices.” He added, “Micro LED, in particular, is at a critical turning point that will accelerate the commercialization of AR glasses in terms of brightness, power, and lifespan. The proliferation of glass-based, high-PPI OLEDs will lower the cost barriers in the VR and MR markets, rapidly accelerating the expansion of mass-market models.” He summarized the future direction of the micro-display ecosystem as “lightweight, low power, and high definition,” predicting that companies that comprehensively optimize not only technology but also optics, materials, and actuator quality will secure future competitiveness.

Changwook Han, Executive Vice President/Analyst at UBI Research (cwhan@ubiresearch.com)

2025 Micro-LED Display Industry and Technology Trends Report